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About
the Center
"The systematic integration of salivary analytes into research and diagnostics has the potential to make an important difference in people's lives."
-Professor Douglas A. Granger, PhD
Director, Center for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research
Advances in biotechnology, coupled with the recent characterization of a vast array of analytes and biomarkers in saliva, have created the opportunity to measure components of biological systems in oral fluids and apply knowledge gained from those measurements to a diverse spectrum of research.
The implications are profound—from a single drop of saliva, information can be obtained about the physiobiology of stress, infectious disease exposure history, environmental exposure to chemicals, oral health status, and genetic variability relevant to behavior, cognition, and health. Furthermore, saliva sample collection is typically quick, minimally invasive, cost-efficient, safe, and requires only minimal training.
Tracey Hand Walter Worley | Karen Arvin |
Mission
The mission of the Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing Center for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research is to push the cutting edge of knowledge related to discovery and application of saliva as a research and diagnostic specimen.
To incorporate the measurement of indicators found in oral fluids into research—developmental, social, behavioral, health, clinical, prevention, and rehabilitative sciences—and determine whether our understanding in those areas can be advanced using unique, minimally invasive measurements of biological systems through saliva.
To establish collaborative programs to evaluate the potential value of new biomarkers and analytes present in oral fluids.
To open windows of opportunity for researchers in economics, psychology, sociology, anthropology, gerontology, nursing, social work, preventive medicine, dentistry, medicine, occupational science, sports medicine, psychiatry, and neuroscience.
To create within the Johns Hopkins academic community an environment that supports and enables access to specialized training and laboratory services in salivary bioscience, and which supports researchers in their quest to obtain funding.
To serve as a world stage for investigators to meet, discuss, and refine their ideas about the role of saliva as a research and diagnostic specimen.
Interdisciplinary
Collaboration
The minimally-invasive nature of saliva sample collection, and the broad range of potential measurements, enables oral fluids to be employed in a wide range of fields and disciplines. These features open a window of opportunity for researchers from traditionally non-biologically oriented fields—economics, psychology, sociology, anthropology, gerontology, nursing, social work, preventive medicine, dentistry, medicine, occupational science, sports medicine, psychiatry, neuroscience, and more. In the history of science, major advances are often made at the interface created by interdisciplinary integration. A core mission of the Center for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research is to create that opportunity and enable access so that researchers in traditionally non-biologically oriented fields of study can explore this interface. Fetus to Five Study, Funded by NIDAInvestigators:
Project Description: The Fetus to Five Study is focused on understanding the development of self-regulation from the prenatal period to age 5. Part of this study is focused on understanding how social experiences shape the development of physiological processes that support cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and physiological self-regulation. Salivary biomarkers are being used to provide a "snapshot" of functioning across a variety of body systems both in the lab and in participating families' daily lives. Pediatric Asthma Alert Intervention (PAAL)Investigator: Arlene Butz, ScD, MSN, CPNP Project Description: This is a randomized controlled trial of a clinician and parent feedback intervention for children with persistent asthma and with frequent emergency department (ED) visits for asthma. The specific aim is to determine if providing the child’s primary care provider (PCP) and parent with asthma health information, including cotinine concentrations as a biomarker of second hand smoke exposure, is effective in reducing subsequent ED asthma visits. Overall 300 children have been recruited and are currently being followed for 12 months. Salivary cotinine concentrations are collected at baseline and 12 months post randomization to determine if providing the parent with a child’s cotinine level will motivate the family to institute a total home smoking ban and reduce the child’s exposure to second hand smoke and reduce ED utilization. Preventing Respiratory Infections During Early Childhood (PRIDE)Investigator: Cynthia Rand, PhD Project Description: The purpose of the PRIDE study is to conduct a randomized clinical trial of a home-delivered, motivational interviewing-based secondhand smoke (SHS) reduction intervention combined with a Head Start (HS) -level education program in reducing children’s SHS exposure, compared to a HS-level education program alone. We will enroll 350 Head Start students aged 2-5 years with a caregiver-reported smoker in the home from all 17 Baltimore City HS programs. The primary study outcome measure will be household SHS levels, as measured by home air nicotine levels at six month follow-up. Secondary outcomes include caregiver-reported home and car smoking bans, child’s salivary cotinine levels, children’s respiratory symptoms, caregiver smoking cessation, school absences, and health care utilization measures. |
Publications
Scott, L. N., Levy, K. N., & Granger, D. A. (in press). Cortisol, alpha-amylase, and subjective emotional reactivity in women with borderline personality disorder. Personality Disorders: Theory, research and treatment.
Kidd, S., Corbett, B., Granger, D. A., Boyce, W. T., Anders, T. F., & Tager, I. B. (in press). Daytime secretion of cortisol and alpha-amylase in preschool-aged children with autism compared to typically developing children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.
Feinberg, M., Jones, D., Granger, D. A., & Bontempo, D. (accepted, minor revisions). Anxiety and Chronic couple relationship stress moderate adrenocortical response to couple interaction in expectant parents. British Journal of Psychology.
McGraw, L. K., Loan, L. A., Hammermeister, J. J., Ohlson, C. J., Out, D., & Granger, D. A. (accepted, minor revisions). Biobehavioral reactivity and regulation in Army Nurses in response to a combat casualty simulation stress task Psychoneuroendocrinology.
Granger, D. A., & Johnson, S. B., (in press). Biomarkers and analytes in oral fluids: An overview and integration for behavioral medicine. Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, Springer.
Towe-Goodman, N. R., Stifter, C. A., Mills-Koonce, W. R., & Granger, D. A., (in press). Interparental aggression and infant patterns of adrenocortical and behavioral stress response. Developmental Psychobiology.
Out, D., Hall, R. J., Granger, D. A., Page, G. G. , & Woods., S. J. (in press). Assessing salivary C-reactive protein: Longitudinal associations with systemic inflammation and cardiovascular disease risk in women exposed to intimate partner violence. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.
Granger, D. A., Fortunato, C. K., Beltzer, E. B., & Virag, M.., Bright., M. & Out, D. (in press). Salivary Bioscience and research on adolescence: A integrated perspective. Journal of Adolescence.
Giesbrecht, G. F., Granger, D. A., Campbell, T., Kaplan, T. and the APrON Study Team (in press). Salivary alpha-amylase during pregnancy: Diurnal course and associations with obstetric history, maternal characteristics and mood. Developmental Psychobiology
Granger, D.A., Johnson, S. B., Szanton, S. L., Out, D., Lau Schumann, L., (in press). Incorporating salivary biomarkers into nursing research: an overview and review of best practices. Biological Research in Nursing.
Berry, D., Blair, C. Willoughby, M., Granger, D. A., and the FLP Investigators (in press). Salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol in infancy and toddlerhood: Direct and indirect relations with executive functioning in early childhood and academic ability in pre-kindergarten. Psychoneuroendocrinology
Byrd-Craven, J., Auer, B. J., Granger, D. A., & Massey, A. R. (2012. The father-daughter dance: The influence of the father-daughter relationship quality on daughters’ stress response to peer dynamics. Journal of Family Psychology, 26, 87-94
Middlemiss, W., Goldberg, W. A., & Granger, D. A., (in press). Asynchrony of mother-infant hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity following extinction of infant crying responses Induced during the transition to sleep. Early Human Development
Bright, M., Frick, J., & Granger, D. A. (in press). Do young children show a cortisol awakening response?. Developmental Psychobiology.
Kreher, D. A., Powers, S. I., & Granger, D. A. (2012). Relationship between cortisol, salivary alpha-amylase, and cognitive bias in young women. Behavioral Neuroscience, 126, 157-166.
Keller, P. S., El-Sheikh, M., Granger, D. A., & Buckhalt, J. A. (2012). Interactions between salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase as predictors of children’s cognitive functioning and academic performance. Physiology and Behavior. 105, 987-995.
Vermeer, H. J., Van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Groeneveld, M. G., and Granger, D. A. (2012). Downregulation of the immune system in low-quality day care: The case of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in toddlers. Physiology and Behavior, 105, 161-167
Nemoda, Z.., Horvat-Gordon, M., Fortunato, C. K., Beltzer, E., Scholl, J. L., Granger, D. A. (2011). Assessing genetic polymorphisms using DNA extracted from cells present in saliva Samples. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 11, 170.
Out, D., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Granger, D. A., Cobbaert, C. M., & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2011). State and trait variance in salivary alpha-amylase during baseline and stress: A behavioral Genetic Study. Biological Psychology, 88, 147-154
Dorius, C., Booth, A.,Hibel, J., Granger, D. A., and Johnson, D. (2011). Parents’ Testosterone and children’s perception of parent-child relationship quality. Hormones and Behavior, 60, 512-519
Adam, E. K., Hoyt, L. T., & Granger, D. A. (2011). Diurnal alpha amylase patterns in adolescents and associations with momentary mood states. Biological Psychology, 88, 170-173.
Allwood, M. A., Handwerger, K., Kivlighan, K. T., Granger, D. A., & Stroud, L. R. (2011). Direct and moderating links of saliva alpha amylase and cortisol stress-reactivity to youth behavioral and emotional adjustment. Biological Psychology, 88, 57-64
Feinberg, M., Jones, D. E., Granger, D. A. & Bontempo, D. (2011). Relation of Intimate partner violence to salivary cortisol among couples expecting a first child. Aggressive Behavior, 37, 492-502
Afifi, T. D., Granger, D. A., Denes, A., Joseph, A., Aldeis, D. (2011) Parent’s communication skills and adolescents’ salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol response patterns. Communication Monographs, 78, 273-295.
Hibel, L. C., Granger, D. A., Blair, C., Cox, M. J., & The Family Life Project Key Investigators (2011). Maternal sensitivity buffers the adrenocortical implications of intimate partner violence exposure during early childhood. Development and Psychopathology,23, 689-701..
Blair, C., Raver, C.C., Granger, D. A., Mills-Koonce, R., Hibel L., and the Family Life Project Key investigators (2011). Allostasis and allostatic load in the context of poverty in early childhood. Development and Psychopathology, 3, 845-857
Clark, F., Jackson, J., Carlson, M., Chou, C-P., Cherry, B., Jordan-Marsh, M., Knight, B. G., Mandel, D., Blanchard, J., Granger, D. A., Lai, M.Y., White, B., Forman, T., Hay, J., Lam, C. , Marterella, A., & Azen, S. P. (in press). Effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention in promoting the well being of independently living older people: Results of the well elderly II randomized clinical trial. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
Blair, C., Granger, D. A., Willoughby, M., Mills-Koonce, R., Cox, M., Greenberg, M. T., Kivlighan, K., Fortunato, C. & The FLP investigators (2011). Salivary cortisol mediates effects of poverty and parenting on executive functions in early childhood. Child Development, 82, 1970-1984
Glenn, A, L., Raine, A., Schug, R. A., Gao, Y., & Granger, D. A. (2011). Increased testosterone to cortisol ratio in psychopathy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 389-399
Mills-Koonce, R., Garrett-Peters, P., Barnett, M., Granger, D. A., Blair, C., Cox, M., & the Family Life Project Key Investigators (2011). Father contributions to cortisol responses in infancy and toddlerhood. Developmental Psychology, 47, 388-395
Rudolph, K. D., Troop-Gordon, W., & Granger D. A. (2011). Individual differences in biological stress responses moderate the contribution of early peer victimization to subsequent depressive symptoms. Psychopharmacology, 214, 209-219.
Eiden, R. D., Granger, D. A., Schuetze, P., & Veira, Y. (2011). Child Behavior Problems Among Cocaine-Exposed Toddlers: Indirect and Interactive Effects.Development and Psychopathology, 23, 187-198
Byrd-Craven, J., Granger, D. A., & Auer, B. J. (2010). Stress-reactivity to co-rumination in young women’s friendships: Cortisol, alpha-amylase, and negative affect focus. Journal of Personal and Social Relationships, 28, 469-487
Keller, P. S., El-Shiekh, M., Vaughn, B., & Granger, D. A. (2010). Relations between mucosal immunity and children’s mental health: The role of Child Sex. Physiology & Behavior,101,705-712
Yim, I. S. Granger, D. A., & Quas, J. (2010). Children’s and adults alpha-amylase responses to a laboratory stressor and to verbal recall of the stressor. Developmental Psychobiology, 52, 598-602
Rudolph, K. D., Troop-Gordon, W., & Granger D. A. (2010). Peer victimization and aggression. Moderation by individual differences in salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,38, 843-856
Beltzer, E., Fortunato, C. K., Guaderramma, M., Peckins, M. K., Garramone, B. M., & Granger, D. A. (2010). Salivary flow and salivary alpha-amylase: Collection technique, duration, and oral fluid type. Physiology and Behavior, 101, 289-296
Klein, L. C., Whetzel, C. A., Bennett, J. M., Granger, D.A. & Ritter, F. E. (2010). Caffeine and stress alter salivary alpha-amylase activity in young men. Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental, 29, 359-367.
Vigil, J. M., Geary, D. C., Granger, D. A., & Flinn, M. V. (2010). Sex differences in salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase, and psychological functioning following Hurricane Katrina. Child Development, 81, 1227-1239
Carney, J-L., Hazler, R. J., Oh, I., Hibel, L. C., & Granger, D. A. (2010). The relationships between bullying exposures in middle childhood, anxiety, and adrenocortical activity. Journal of School violence, 9, 194-211
Susman, E. J., Dockray, S., Granger, D. A., Blades, K.T., Randazzo, W. T., Heaton, J. A., & Dorn, L. D. (2010). Cortisol and alpha amylase reactivity and timing of puberty: Vulnerabilities for antisocial behavior in young adolescents. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 35, 557-569.
Gordis, E. B., Margolin, G., Spies, L., Susman, E . J. & Granger, D. A. (2010). Interparental aggression and parent-adolescent salivary alpha amylase symmetry. Physiology and Behavior, 100, 225-233
Fisher, A. J., Granger, D. A., & Newman, M. G. (2010). Sympathetic arousal moderates self-reported trait autonomic arousal at baseline and physiological flexibility in response to a stressor in generalized anxiety disorder. Biological Psychology, 83, 191-200
Scott, L. N., Levy, K. N., & Granger, D. A. (in press). Cortisol, alpha-amylase, and subjective emotional reactivity in women with borderline personality disorder. Personality Disorders: Theory, research and treatment.
Kidd, S., Corbett, B., Granger, D. A., Boyce, W. T., Anders, T. F., & Tager, I. B. (in press). Daytime secretion of cortisol and alpha-amylase in preschool-aged children with autism compared to typically developing children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.
Feinberg, M., Jones, D., Granger, D. A., & Bontempo, D. (accepted, minor revisions). Anxiety and Chronic couple relationship stress moderate adrenocortical response to couple interaction in expectant parents. British Journal of Psychology.
McGraw, L. K., Loan, L. A., Hammermeister, J. J., Ohlson, C. J., Out, D., & Granger, D. A. (accepted, minor revisions). Biobehavioral reactivity and regulation in Army Nurses in response to a combat casualty simulation stress task Psychoneuroendocrinology.
News
Reproduced from Johns Hopkins Nursing, Fall/Winter 2010
Researchers are constantly finding new ways to figure out what makes us human beings tick, and one of the newer methods makes you want to spit—literally.
Saliva is full of analytes and biomarkers that create a biological journal of exposure to chemicals and disease, and of genetic variability. However, the collection of oral fluid has always proved cumbersome, with researchers depending on swabs or collection cups.
A new tool developed by the Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing Center for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research (CISBR) in collaboration with SalivaBio, LLC, improves the ease of oral fluid collection, while maintaining the integrity of the biospecimen.
Learn more about the Whole Saliva Collection Device
In the News | School Headlines | Johns Hopkins Nursing magazine
Douglas Granger, professor and director of the Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing Center for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, is taking his now-famous “Spit Camp” to the University of California Irvine, April 2-3.
Spit is central to the conversation for salivary researchers at the Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, who are discovering new ways to keep people healthy and well.
Hopkins Nursing researchers focus on stress, parenting programs, diabetes, and more in the January issue of research news.
Researchers are constantly finding new ways to figure out what makes us human beings tick, and one of the newer methods makes you want to spit—literally.
Discussions &
Presentations
The rapid accumulation of knowledge generated by the application of salivary analytes creates special opportunities. Yet, the cutting edge information is often presented across a variety of scientific meetings and journals. Thus, it can be challenging to stay up to speed with the most current information.
On a regular basis, the Center will serve as a forum for the presentation and discussion of the state of knowledge about salivary analytes and their applications. The Center will host small conferences and forums with the goal of defining boundaries of, and gaps in our knowledge, and charting future directions to enable the establishment of scientific critical mass.
Assays
A multi-site program project funded by the National Institute for Craniofacial and Dental Research recently published an index of thousands of analytes in oral fluids. Similar, in principle, to characterizing the Human Genome, this seminal work reveals the considerable research and diagnostic potential of oral fluids.
Much of the work on salivary analytes to date has focused on just a handful of measures related to infectious disease exposure and endocrine processes. A primary objective of the Center is to reveal the potential of this library of analytes by developing methods to measure them, and then documenting the value of these "new" salivary analytes for the behavioral, developmental, and health sciences.
For inquiries and/or a price quote, contact son-cisbr@jhu.edu.
Current Analytes
| Analytes Under Development
|
Events
You are invited to join us for Spit Camp, a two-day workshop program designed for faculty, post-doctoral scholars, and fellows. Lectures and discussions are led by Dr. Granger, and laboratory activities are led by Tracey Hand and the CISBR technical staff. Attendance is limited to four to five participants per camp session to allow for in-depth, individualized discussion and instruction.
The lecture component covers theoretical perspectives; oral fluid as biological specimens; practical aspects of sample handing, collection, and study design; basics of immunoassay used for assaying saliva; and hints for writing papers, presentations, and proposals. The laboratory component includes hands-on supervised training on sample processing, salivary immunoassay, and kinetic reaction assays. Samples will be collected, assayed, and data generated for discussion and analysis.
Contact the Center at son-cisbr@jhu.edu for more information about availability and scheduling.
CISBR will hold an international symposium on salivary bioscience at the Johns Hopkins University campus from November 1-2, 2012.
More details to follow.
Contact the Center: son-cisbr@jhu.edu | 443-287-6545
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